學(xué)習(xí)GMAT寫作往往離不開“北美范文”，但其中良莠不齊，并非篇篇能稱之為“范”，畢竟它們不是ACT/ETS所欽定的文章。如此說來，Official Guide上的范文就彌足珍貴，無論6分的還是5分、4分的都要仔細(xì)分析，尤其是其中所給與的分析和評(píng)論更是要細(xì)細(xì)體味，領(lǐng)悟其精神，然后用心實(shí)踐。

　　下面是一篇官方給出滿分的ARGUMENT范文，我們來一起賞析，看看它為何能scored six (先讀文章，再看我的點(diǎn)評(píng))

　　The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:

　　"Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money."

　　Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion。

　　首段

　　This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree that as the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn't necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree。

　　中間段1

　　The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense。

　　中間段2

　　This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees。

　　中間段3

　　Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature。

　　末段

　　In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things 　　must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses。

　　這篇官方欽定滿分的范文，其最明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于：

　　1、字?jǐn)?shù)高達(dá)599words, 充分體現(xiàn)了字?jǐn)?shù)為王的判分傾向。

　　2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的五段制，首段、末端，中間三段，看上去很美。

　　3、沒有陳詞濫調(diào)、滿篇廢話的模板式語言。

　　只有以上三點(diǎn)離滿分還是很遠(yuǎn)的，之所以SIX，我看更重要的在于，每段各盡其責(zé)，既獨(dú)立又統(tǒng)一，形成了完整的ARGUMENT，specifically:

　　1、首段再現(xiàn)了原TOPIC的推理過程，并指出其assumptions多有不適；尤其令閱卷人高興的是：首段在最后簡化羅列了推理中的三個(gè)問題。要知道美國人就喜歡的作文---總分式，在首段就把三個(gè)ideas羅列出來，然后在中間三段分別展開，先總后分，一目了然。

　　2、中一的TS -- “The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment。”可謂是一針見血，一劍封喉。對(duì)于這樣嚴(yán)重的推理漏洞，如果不首先指出，其argument必然軟弱乏力。此所謂Topic中的“必削點(diǎn)”，不可不察。

　　3、中二的TS – “This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the work environment。”這可謂是劍走偏鋒，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，出人所料。文章竟然批評(píng)了Topic以錢為本經(jīng)營理念，提出了要以人為本，這樣寫是有一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，畢竟這不是Issue。那本文是如何化險(xiǎn)為夷的呢？且看本段最后一句“this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees。”我不由得長舒一口，人家再次回歸了，又回到了Topic中以“Money”為本的推理。

　　4、中三的TS – “Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer。”這充分體現(xiàn)了作者不只是坐而論道的arguer，而是關(guān)心其可行性的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，考慮到方案本身的可行性和局限性。

　　5、末端不但對(duì)首段提出的論點(diǎn)做出了重復(fù)性的總結(jié)，而且又不厭其煩地吧中間三段的ideas一一羅列。如此“啰嗦”估計(jì)令某些同學(xué)略有不齒，但這恰恰是美國人的最愛，cultural shock了吧？

　　本文最令我欣賞的地方，就是對(duì)EXAMPLES的運(yùn)用

　　1、中間段一，運(yùn)用了“設(shè)例”(假設(shè)的情況)，$100 million啦、$5,000了，很幼稚是吧？可美國人喜歡?。辉壑袊膶W(xué)生，尤其是理工科的，喜歡用一些相當(dāng)高深的例子，有沒有想過那些閱卷老師能看懂嗎？尤其是在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)，他們IQ又不高，知識(shí)又不多，聯(lián)想又不豐富……

　　2、中間段二，運(yùn)用了“具例”(具體的例子)，舉一個(gè)婦孺皆知的Toyota例子把想說明的問題統(tǒng)統(tǒng)道出，再次體現(xiàn)出美國人喜歡淺顯易懂的事例。

　　3、中間段三，運(yùn)用了“泛例”(某一類人、團(tuán)體或組織)，通過采煤行業(yè)指出了計(jì)劃可行性的所受到的制約，一個(gè)多么質(zhì)樸無華的泛例，充分地考慮到了閱卷老師的理解能力。

　　以上這一切怎能不讓美國閱卷者頻頻頷首，嘖嘖稱善呢？他或她手中的筆在紙上劃出了一條美麗的弧線 —— 6

　　相反，有些中國學(xué)生，憑借自己繁密的邏輯、淵深的例子和云霧繚繞的行文，每每令那些閱卷者咬唇咂舌，shrug連連，又怎能獲得一個(gè)理想的分?jǐn)?shù)呢？你挑戰(zhàn)了他的智商，他必然報(bào)復(fù)你的分?jǐn)?shù)。